Defenders' Experts
Global Warming and Refuges in the Prairie Pothole Region
A substantial number of National Wildlife Refuges exist in the prairie pothole region, the most important waterfowl- producing region in North America. This region of the northern Great Plains is characterized by grasslands and large wetland-like depressions ("potholes") that were created by glaciers millions of years ago.
Perhaps the greatest threat to this important waterfowl nursery is global warming caused by the combustion of fossil fuels. Average temperatures in North Dakota have increased by more than 1 degree Fahrenheit over the past century and may increase 3 to 4 degrees over the next century, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
The EPA points out that as temperatures rise, soil moisture over mid-continental regions may decrease, especially in the summer. Scientists predict that warmer climates in the northern prairie wetlands region will increase the frequency and severity of droughts, which could reduce the number of pothole ponds from 1.3 million to 800,000 by the middle of this century, a 38 percent reduction. Moreover, with waterfowl breeding habitat so concentrated in the potholes region, the effects of global warming could cut the number of breeding ducks in half and increase the likelihood of outbreaks of avian flu and other diseases.
Refuges at Risk 2006This report identified global warming as the single greatest threat imperiling the National Wildlife Refuge system as a whole. Ten refuges facing dire consequences from global warming are featured.
